During its history, Rocca Janula in Cassino (FR) has seen power struggles, demolitions and rebuilding. In 1004 it was damaged by earthquake. In the early 12th century, it was occupied by the people of San Germano following disputes that arose from expansionism towards Montecassino by Runegonga, the widowed Duchess of Gaeta. Reconquered, Abbot Gerardo repaired the earthquake damage and provided the rock with a pentagonal tower, two residential towers, a wider perimeter wall and a small church. The Abbots Roffredo and Atenolfo in the following century continued the work of fortification.
Umberto Mastroianni’s Monument to Peace was installed near the rock overlooking the town, a warning to future generations to avoid the destruction caused by war.
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